Jacquemier's sign
/ʒækˈmiˌeɪz saɪn/
A bluish discoloration of the mucous membrane of the vagina; an early sign of pregnancy.
Jactitation
/ˌdʒæktɪˈteɪʃən/
Restless tossing and turning of the body, often seen in patients with severe fever or mental distress.
Jargon aphasia
/ˈdʒɑːrɡən əˈfeɪʒə/
A type of aphasia where the patient's speech is fluent but contains meaningless words or 'word salad'.
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
/ˌjɑːrɪʃ ˈhɜːrksˌhaɪmər riˈækʃən/
A reaction to endotoxins released by the death of harmful bacteria during antibiotic treatment, common in syphilis.
Jawbone
/ˈdʒɔːboʊn/
The mandible (lower) or maxilla (upper) bones.
Jejunal feeding tube
/dʒɪˈdʒuːnəl ˈfiːdɪŋ tuːb/
A tube inserted through the abdomen into the jejunum to provide nutrition (J-tube).
Jejunoileitis
/dʒɪˌdʒuːnoʊˌɪliˈaɪtɪs/
Inflammation of both the jejunum and the ileum.
Jejunoileostomy
/dʒɪˌdʒuːnoʊˌɪliˈɒstəmi/
Surgical creation of a passage between the jejunum and the ileum.
Jejunopexy
/dʒɪˈdʒuːnoʊˌpɛksi/
Surgical fixation of the jejunum to the abdominal wall.
Jejunorrhaphy
/ˌdʒɛdʒʊˈnɔːrəfi/
The surgical suturing of the jejunum.
Jendrassik maneuver
/jɛnˈdræsɪk məˈnuːvər/
A technique to enhance sluggish tendon reflexes by having the patient hook their fingers together and pull.
Joint cavity
/dʒɔɪnt ˈkævɪti/
The space within a synovial joint that contains synovial fluid.
Joint crepitus
/dʒɔɪnt ˈkrɛpɪtəs/
A grating, popping, or crackling sound or sensation in a joint.
Joint stiffness
/dʒɔɪnt ˈstɪfnəs/
Difficulty moving a joint, common in arthritis or after periods of inactivity.
Jones criteria
/dʒoʊnz kraɪˈtɪəriə/
A set of guidelines used to help diagnose rheumatic fever.
Jones fracture
/dʒoʊnz ˈfræktʃər/
A specific type of fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal (pinky toe side of the foot).
Jugular bulb
/ˈdʒʌɡjʊlər bʌlb/
The dilated beginning of the internal jugular vein.
Jugular foramen
/ˈdʒʌɡjʊlər fəˈreɪmən/
A large opening in the base of the skull that transmits the jugular vein and several cranial nerves.
Jugum
/ˈdʒuːɡəm/
A ridge or yoke-like structure connecting two parts of a bone.
Junctional bradycardia
/ˈdʒʌŋkʃənəl ˌbrædɪˈkɑːrdiə/
A slow heart rate (less than 40 bpm) originating from the AV junction.
Junctional nevus
/ˈdʒʌŋkʃənəl ˈniːvəs/
A type of mole found at the junction of the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin.
Junctional tachycardia
/ˈdʒʌŋkʃənəl ˌtækɪˈkɑːrdiə/
A fast heart rate originating from the AV junction rather than the SA node.
Juncture
/ˈdʒʌŋktʃər/
A place where two things are joined.
Jurisprudence, Medical
/ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpruːdəns ˈmɛdɪkəl/
The branch of law that deals with the application of medical knowledge to legal problems.
Juvenile kyphosis
/ˈdʒuːvənaɪl kaɪˈfoʊsɪs/
Also known as Scheuermann's disease; a condition where the vertebrae grow unevenly, causing a hunched back in teens.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
/ˈdʒuːvənaɪl ˌmaɪəˈklɒnɪk ˈɛpɪlɛpsi/
A common form of generalized epilepsy starting in adolescence, characterized by muscle jerks.
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
/ˈdʒuːvənaɪl ˌpɒlɪˈpoʊsɪs ˈsɪndroʊm/
A condition characterized by the development of multiple noncancerous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract.
Juxta-articular
/ˌdʒʌkstəɑːrˈtɪkjʊlər/
Anatomical term meaning located near a joint.
Juxtapyloric
/ˌdʒʌkstəpaɪˈlɔːrɪk/
Located near the pylorus (the opening from the stomach into the small intestine).
Juxtaspinal
/ˌdʒʌkstəˈspaɪnəl/
Located near the spinal column.