F-v-r
/ˈfiːvər/
Abbreviation often used in clinical shorthand for 'fever'.
Fab fragments
/fæb ˈfræɡmənts/
The antigen-binding fragment of an antibody molecule.
Fabella
/fəˈbɛlə/
A small sesamoid bone often found in the gastrocnemius muscle behind the lateral condyle of the femur.
Fabere sign
/fɑːˈbɛreɪ saɪn/
An acronym for Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation, and Extension; a clinical test to identify hip or sacroiliac joint pathology.
Facet
/ˈfæsɪt/
A small, smooth, flat surface on a bone or other hard body part, such as the articular surfaces of vertebrae.
Facial colliculus
/ˈfeɪʃəl kəˈlɪkjʊləs/
An elevated area on the floor of the fourth ventricle in the brainstem, formed by fibers of the facial nerve looping over the abducens nucleus.
Facial nerve
/ˈfeɪʃəl nɜːrv/
The seventh cranial nerve (CN VII), responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression and conveying taste sensations.
Facies
/ˈfeɪʃiiːz/
The facial expression or appearance of a patient, which can be diagnostic of a particular disease (e.g., Parkinsonian facies).
Facilitation
/fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/
The process of making a pathway or response easier, such as the lowering of resistance in a nerve pathway to an impulse.
Factitious disorder
/fækˈtɪʃəs dɪsˈɔːrdər/
A mental disorder in which a person acts as if they have a physical or mental illness when they are not really sick.
Factor VIII
/ˈfæktər eɪt/
An essential blood-clotting protein, also known as antihemophilic factor (AHF); deficiency causes Hemophilia A.
Facultative
/ˈfækəlˌteɪtɪv/
Capable of existing under different conditions; for example, a facultative anaerobe can live with or without oxygen.
Fagopyrism
/ˌfæɡəˈpaɪrɪzəm/
Photosensitization caused by the ingestion of buckwheat, leading to skin inflammation upon exposure to light.
Falcate
/ˈfælkeɪt/
Hooked or curved like a sickle.
Falciform
/ˈfælsɪfɔːrm/
Having the shape of a sickle.
Falciform ligament
/ˈfælsɪfɔːrm ˈlɪɡəmənt/
A crescent-shaped fold of peritoneum that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.
Falcula
/ˈfælkjʊlə/
A curved, sharp claw or claw-like structure.
Fallopian tube
/fəˈloʊpiən tjuːb/
One of a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
Fallot's Tetralogy
/fəˈloʊz tɛˈtrælədʒi/
A congenital heart defect involving four specific abnormalities (ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and overriding aorta).
False vocal cords
/fɔːls ˈvoʊkəl kɔːrdz/
The upper pair of folds of mucous membrane in the larynx; also known as vestibular folds.
Falx cerebri
/fælks ˈsɛrəbraɪ/
A large, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.
Familial
/fəˈmɪliəl/
Occurring in or affecting more members of a family than would be expected by chance; hereditary.
Far-sightedness
/ˌfɑːrˈsaɪtɪdnəs/
Hyperopia; a condition where distant objects are seen more clearly than near objects.
Farinaceous
/ˌfærɪˈneɪʃəs/
Consisting of or containing starch; used in dietetics to describe starchy foods.
Farnesol
/ˈfɑːrnəˌsɒl/
A natural organic compound used by the body in the synthesis of cholesterol and other steroids.
Fascia
/ˈfæʃiə/
A thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ.
Fascicle
/ˈfæsɪkəl/
A small bundle of nerve or muscle fibers.
Fasciculation
/fəˌsɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/
A brief, spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibers, often seen as a flicker of movement under the skin.
Fasciculus
/fəˈsɪkjʊləs/
A small bundle of nerve or muscle fibers.
Fasciculus cuneatus
/fəˈsɪkjʊləs ˌkjuːniˈeɪtəs/
A tract of nerves in the spinal cord that transmits sensory information (fine touch and proprioception) from the upper body.
Fasciotomy
/ˌfæʃiˈɒtəmi/
A surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure, commonly to treat compartment syndrome.
Fastidious
/fæsˈtɪdiəs/
In microbiology, describing bacteria that have complex nutritional requirements and are difficult to grow in a lab.
Fastigial nucleus
/fæsˈtɪdʒiəl ˈnuːkliəs/
The most medial of the four cerebellar nuclei, involved in balance and eye movements.
Fastigium
/fæsˈtɪdʒiəm/
The highest point or summit, specifically the summit of the roof of the fourth ventricle of the brain.
Fatigue
/fəˈtiːɡ/
Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness; also the diminished response of a muscle or nerve to a stimulus.
Fatty acid
/ˈfæti ˈæsɪd/
A carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated; a building block of fats.
Fauces
/ˈfɔːsiːz/
The arched opening at the back of the mouth leading into the pharynx.
Favism
/ˈfeɪvɪzəm/
A condition characterized by hemolytic anemia after eating fava beans, caused by G6PD enzyme deficiency.
Favus
/ˈfeɪvəs/
A severe form of chronic ringworm of the scalp, characterized by yellow, cup-shaped crusts (scutula).
Febricant
/ˈfɛbrɪkənt/
A substance that produces fever; pyrogenic.
Febrifuge
/ˈfɛbrɪˌfjuːdʒ/
A medicine or treatment used to reduce fever; an antipyretic.
Febrile
/ˈfɛbraɪl/
Having or showing the symptoms of a fever.
Fecalith
/ˈfiːkəlɪθ/
A hard, stony mass of feces in the intestinal tract.
Feces
/ˈfiːsiːz/
Waste matter discharged from the bowels after food has been digested; excrement.
Feculent
/ˈfɛkjʊlənt/
Foul or smelling of feces.
Feedback loop
/ˈfiːdbæk luːp/
A biological system where the output of a process regulates that same process (e.g., insulin regulating blood sugar).
Feedback, Negative
/ˈfiːdbæk ˈnɛɡətɪv/
A regulatory mechanism in which a stimulus causes a response that opposite to or reduces the original stimulus (e.g., temperature regulation).
Feedback, Positive
/ˈfiːdbæk ˈpɒzɪtɪv/
A mechanism where the output of a system intensifies the original stimulus (e.g., oxytocin release during labor).
Felon
/ˈfɛlən/
An abscess or purulent infection of the pulp of the distal phalanx of a finger.
Felting
/ˈfɛltɪŋ/
In dermatology, the entangling of hair (often on the scalp) into a dense, matted mass.
Femoral artery
/ˈfɛmərəl ˈɑːrtəri/
The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.
Femur
/ˈfiːmər/
The bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee.
Fenestra
/fəˈnɛstrə/
A small anatomical opening or window (plural: fenestrae).
Fenestra cochleae
/fəˈnɛstrə ˈkɒkliiː/
The round window of the inner ear, which allows fluid in the cochlea to move, facilitating hearing.
Fenestra vestibuli
/fəˈnɛstrə vɛˈstɪbjʊliː/
The oval window of the inner ear; the opening in the medial wall of the middle ear to which the stapes is attached.
Fenestrated capillary
/ˈfɛnəˌstreɪtɪd ˈkæpəˌlɛri/
A type of blood vessel with small pores in its endothelium, allowing for rapid exchange of fluids and small solutes.
Fenestration
/ˌfɛnəˈstreɪʃən/
The presence of openings in a body part; also a surgical operation to create a new opening in the inner ear to restore hearing.
Fermentation
/ˌfɜːrmɛnˈteɪʃən/
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
Ferritin
/ˈfɛrɪtɪn/
A protein produced in mammalian metabolism that serves to store iron in the tissues.
Ferruginous
/fəˈruːdʒɪnəs/
Containing iron or iron rust; often used to describe bodies found in the lungs of workers exposed to asbestos.
Fertilization
/ˌfɜːrtələˈzeɪʃən/
The action or process of fertilizing an egg, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
Festinating gait
/ˈfɛstɪˌneɪtɪŋ ɡeɪt/
A walking pattern characterized by small, shuffling steps that progressively speed up; commonly seen in Parkinson’s disease.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
/ˈfiːtəl ˈælkəˌhɒl ˈsɪndroʊm/
A group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy, causing developmental and physical defects.
Fetal distress
/ˈfiːtəl dɪˈstrɛs/
A condition during pregnancy or labor where the fetus shows signs of not receiving enough oxygen, often indicated by an abnormal heart rate.
Fetid
/ˈfɛtɪd/
Smelling extremely unpleasant; stinking.
Fetishism
/ˈfɛtɪʃɪzəm/
A psychological condition in which sexual gratification is dependent upon an inanimate object or a non-sexual part of the body.
Fetor hepaticus
/ˈfiːtər hɪˈpætɪkəs/
A distinctive, musty breath odor associated with severe liver disease.
Fetoscopy
/fiːˈtɒskəpi/
An endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta.
Fetus
/ˈfiːtəs/
An unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human baby more than eight weeks after conception.
Fiber
/ˈfaɪbər/
A threadlike structure or filament forming part of the tissue of an animal or plant; also refers to dietary roughage.
Fiber
/ˈfaɪbər/
A threadlike structure or filament forming part of the tissue of an animal or plant; also refers to dietary roughage.
Fiber, Dietary
/ˈfaɪbər ˈdaɪəˌtɛri/
The indigestible portion of plant foods that pushes food through the digestive system.
Fiber-optic
/ˈfaɪbər ˈɒptɪk/
Technology using thin, flexible fibers of glass or plastic to transmit light, essential for endoscopy.
Fibril
/ˈfaɪbrɪl/
A very fine filament or fiber that is a constituent of a cell, muscle fiber, or nerve fiber.
Fibrillation
/ˌfɪbrɪˈleɪʃən/
Rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers, especially in the heart (e.g., atrial or ventricular fibrillation).
Fibrillation
/ˌfɪbrɪˈleɪʃən/
Rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers, especially in the heart (e.g., atrial or ventricular fibrillation).
Fibrin
/ˈfaɪbrɪn/
An insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood. It forms a fibrous mesh that impedes the flow of blood.
Fibrin
/ˈfaɪbrɪn/
An insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood. It forms a fibrous mesh that impedes the flow of blood.
Fibrinogen
/faɪˈbrɪnədʒən/
A soluble protein present in blood plasma, from which fibrin is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin.
Fibrinogen
/faɪˈbrɪnədʒən/
A soluble protein present in blood plasma, from which fibrin is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin.
Fibrinolysis
/ˌfaɪbrɪˈnɒlɪsɪs/
The enzymatic breakdown of the fibrin in blood clots.
Fibrinolysis
/ˌfaɪbrɪˈnɒlɪsɪs/
The process of breaking down a blood clot after a wound has healed.
Fibro-epithelioma
/ˌfaɪbroʊˌɛpɪˌθiːliˈoʊmə/
A tumor composed of both fibrous and epithelial tissue.
Fibroadenoma
/ˌfaɪbroʊˌædəˈnoʊmə/
A noncancerous breast tumor that most often occurs in young women.
Fibroadenoma
/ˌfaɪbroʊˌædəˈnoʊmə/
A noncancerous breast tumor that most often occurs in young women.
Fibroblast
/ˈfaɪbrəˌblæst/
A cell in connective tissue which produces collagen and other fibers.
Fibroblast
/ˈfaɪbrəˌblæst/
A cell in connective tissue which produces collagen and other fibers.
Fibrocartilage
/ˌfaɪbroʊˈkɑːrtɪlɪdʒ/
Cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of the intervertebral discs in the spinal cord.
Fibrocystic
/ˌfaɪbroʊˈsɪstɪk/
Characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue and cysts, commonly used to describe benign breast changes.
Fibrocystic
/ˌfaɪbroʊˈsɪstɪk/
Characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue and cysts, commonly used to describe benign breast changes.
Fibroma
/faɪˈbroʊmə/
A benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue.
Fibroma
/faɪˈbroʊmə/
A benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue.
Fibromyalgia
/ˌfaɪbroʊmaɪˈældʒə/
A chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.
Fibromyalgia
/ˌfaɪbroʊmaɪˈældʒə/
A chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.
Fibrosarcoma
/ˌfaɪbroʊsɑːrˈkoʊmə/
A malignant tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue.
Fibrosis
/faɪˈbroʊsɪs/
The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.
Fibrosis
/faɪˈbroʊsɪs/
The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.
Fibrosis, Cystic
/faɪˈbroʊsɪs ˈsɪstɪk/
A hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands, causing the production of abnormally thick mucus.
Fibula
/ˈfɪbjʊlə/
The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans, parallel with the tibia.
Fibula
/ˈfɪbjʊlə/
The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans, parallel with the tibia.
Field of vision
/fiːld əv ˈvɪʒən/
The entire area that a person is able to see when their eyes are fixed in one position.
Filament
/ˈfɪləmənt/
A slender threadlike object or fiber, especially one found in animal or plant structures.
Filament
/ˈfɪləmənt/
A slender threadlike object or fiber, especially one found in animal or plant structures.
Filariasis
/ˌfɪləˈraɪəsɪs/
A tropical, parasitic disease caused by infection with threadlike roundworms (filariae) transmitted by mosquitoes.
Filariasis
/ˌfɪləˈraɪəsɪs/
A tropical, parasitic disease caused by infection with threadlike roundworms (filariae) transmitted by mosquitoes.
Filiform
/ˈfɪlɪfɔːrm/
Threadlike in appearance; specifically refers to the small, cone-shaped papillae on the surface of the tongue.
Filiform
/ˈfɪlɪfɔːrm/
Threadlike in appearance; specifically refers to the small, cone-shaped papillae on the surface of the tongue.
Filum terminale
/ˈfaɪləm ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪli/
A delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm long, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris to the coccyx.
Fimbria
/ˈfɪmbriə/
An individual fringe-like projection, especially at the end of the fallopian tube.
Fimbriae
/ˈfɪmbriiː/
Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help move the ovum from the ovary into the tube.
Fimbriae
/ˈfɪmbriiː/
Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help move the ovum from the ovary into the tube.
Fimbriated
/ˈfɪmbriˌeɪtɪd/
Having a fringed edge; applied to the ends of the fallopian tubes.
Fimbrioplasty
/ˌfɪmbrioʊˈplæsti/
Surgical repair of the fimbriae of the fallopian tube to treat infertility.
First aid
/fɜːrst eɪd/
Help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available.
Fission
/ˈfɪʃən/
The action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts; used in microbiology to describe asexual reproduction.
Fissiparity
/ˌfɪsɪˈpærɪti/
Reproduction by fission or splitting into two or more parts.
Fissure
/ˈfɪʃər/
A long, narrow opening or line of breakage; in anatomy, a groove or cleft (e.g., anal fissure or cerebral fissure).
Fissure
/ˈfɪʃər/
A long, narrow opening or line of breakage; in anatomy, a groove or cleft (e.g., anal fissure or cerebral fissure).
Fistula
/ˈfɪstjʊlə/
An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.
Fistula
/ˈfɪstjʊlə/
An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.
Fit
/fɪt/
A sudden attack of a disease (such as epilepsy) or a sudden burst of an emotion or activity.
Fixation
/fɪkˈseɪʃən/
The act of fastening or steadying; in orthopedics, the stabilizing of a fracture (internal or external).
Fixation
/fɪkˈseɪʃən/
The act of fastening or steadying; in orthopedics, the stabilizing of a fracture (internal or external).
Flaccid
/ˈflæsɪd/
Soft and hanging loosely or limply, especially so as to look or feel unpleasant; in medicine, describing a lack of muscle tone.
Flaccid
/ˈflæsɪd/
Soft and hanging loosely or limply, especially so as to look or feel unpleasant; in medicine, describing a lack of muscle tone.
Flail chest
/fleɪl tʃɛst/
A life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.
Flare
/flɛər/
A spreading area of redness on the skin surrounding a central point of injury; also refers to an increase in cells and protein in the aqueous humor of the eye.
Flatulence
/ˈflætʃʊləns/
The accumulation of gas in the alimentary canal.
Flatus
/ˈfleɪtəs/
Gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation.
Flatus
/ˈfleɪtəs/
Gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation.
Flexion
/ˈflɛkʃən/
The action of bending or the condition of being bent, especially the bending of a limb or joint.
Flexor
/ˈflɛksər/
A muscle whose contraction bends a limb or other part of the body.
Flocculation
/ˌflɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/
A process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.
Flora
/ˈflɔːrə/
The bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit a particular environment, such as the 'gut flora'.
Flow cytometry
/floʊ saɪˈtɒmɪtri/
A laboratory technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
Fluctuation
/ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃən/
A rise and fall in number or amount; in clinical exam, the wave-like motion felt on palpating a fluid-filled cavity or abscess.
Fluorescein
/ˌflʊərˈɛsiːɪn/
A fluorescent tracer used in many diagnostic examinations, specifically in ophthalmology to detect corneal abrasions.
Fluoride
/ˈflʊəraɪd/
A compound of fluorine with another element or group, used to prevent tooth decay.
Fluoroscopy
/flʊəˈrɒskəpi/
An imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object or body.
Fluorosis
/flʊəˈroʊsɪs/
A chronic condition caused by excessive intake of fluorine, characterized by mottling of the teeth and sometimes skeletal damage.
Flush
/flʌʃ/
A sudden reddening of the face, neck, or upper chest due to vasodilation; also to wash out a wound or cavity with fluid.
Flutter
/ˈflʌtər/
An abnormally rapid but regular heart rhythm, such as atrial flutter.
Focal length
/ˈfoʊkəl lɛŋkθ/
The distance between the center of a lens or curved mirror and its focus.
Focal seizure
/ˈfoʊkəl ˈsiːʒər/
A seizure that originates within networks limited to one hemisphere of the brain; also called a partial seizure.
Focus
/ˈfoʊkəs/
The center of a morbid process (e.g., focus of infection); also the point at which rays of light meet after reflection or refraction.
Foetus
/ˈfiːtəs/
The British English spelling of fetus.
Folate
/ˈfoʊleɪt/
A salt or ester of folic acid; the naturally occurring form of vitamin B9.
Folic acid
/ˈfoʊlɪk ˈæsɪd/
A vitamin of the B complex which is essential for the synthesis of DNA and is used to prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy.
Follicle
/ˈfɒlɪkəl/
A small secretory cavity, sac, or gland, in particular those which contain developing eggs in the ovaries or hair roots.
Follicular phase
/fəˈlɪkjʊlər feɪz/
The phase of the estrous cycle during which follicles in the ovary mature, ending with ovulation.
Folliculitis
/fəˌlɪkjʊˈlaɪtɪs/
Inflammation of one or more hair follicles.
Fomite
/ˈfoʊmaɪt/
Objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture.
Fontanelle
/ˌfɒntəˈnɛl/
A space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus, where ossification is not complete and the sutures not fully formed.
Foot-and-mouth disease
/fʊt ənd maʊθ dɪˈziːz/
A contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals; rarely affects humans (distinct from Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease).
Foot-drop
/ˈfʊtˌdrɒp/
A gait abnormality in which the dropping of the forefoot happens due to weakness, irritation or damage to the common fibular nerve.
Foramen
/fəˈreɪmən/
An opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone.
Foramen Magnum
/fəˈreɪmən ˈmæɡnəm/
The large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.
Foramen Ovale
/fəˈreɪmən oʊˈveɪli/
An opening in the septum between the two atria of the heart that is normally present only in the fetus.
Foramina
/fəˈræmɪnə/
The plural form of foramen (openings in bones or tissues).
Forceps
/ˈfɔːrsɛps/
A pair of pincers or tweezers used in surgery or in a laboratory.
Forearm
/ˈfɔːrɑːrm/
The part of a person's arm extending from the elbow to the wrist or fingertips.
Forebrain
/ˈfɔːrbreɪn/
The anterior part of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus.
Forensic medicine
/fəˈrɛnsɪk ˈmɛdɪsɪn/
The application of medical knowledge to legal questions.
Foreskin
/ˈfɔːrskɪn/
The retractable roll of skin covering the end of the penis; the prepuce.
Forewaters
/ˈfɔːrwɔːtərz/
The part of the amniotic fluid that is in front of the presenting part of the fetus.
Formaldehyde
/fɔːrˈmældɪhaɪd/
A colorless pungent gas in solution used as a preservative for biological specimens.
Formication
/ˌfɔːrmɪˈkeɪʃən/
A tactile hallucination that feels like insects crawling on or under the skin; a specific type of paresthesia.
Fornix
/ˈfɔːrnɪks/
An arched anatomical structure or fold; specifically a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain.
Fornix of the vagina
/ˈfɔːrnɪks əv ðə vəˈdʒaɪnə/
The recessed areas around the cervix at the top of the vaginal canal.
Fossa
/ˈfɒsə/
A shallow depression or hollow, especially in a bone.
Fossa Ovalis
/ˈfɒsə oʊˈvælɪs/
A depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the site of the fetal foramen ovale.
Fourchette
/fʊərˈʃɛt/
A thin fold of skin at the back of the vulva where the labia minora meet.
Fourth ventricle
/fɔːrθ ˈvɛntrɪkəl/
A diamond-shaped cavity located between the cerebellum and the pons/medulla oblongata, containing cerebrospinal fluid.
Fovea
/ˈfoʊviə/
A small pit or depression in a bone or organ.
Fovea Centralis
/ˈfoʊviə sɛnˈtrælɪs/
A small pit in the retinal macula that provides the clearest vision; it contains only cones.
Foveola
/foʊˈviːələ/
The smallest pit in the center of the fovea centralis, containing only the most densely packed cone cells for maximum visual acuity.
Fractionation
/ˌfrækʃəˈneɪʃən/
The process of dividing a total dose of radiation or medicine into smaller, frequent doses to reduce side effects.
Fracture
/ˈfræktʃər/
A partial or complete break in a bone.
Fracture, Closed
/ˈfræktʃər kloʊzd/
A bone break that does not penetrate the skin; also called a simple fracture.
Fracture, Comminuted
/ˈfræktʃər ˈkɒmɪˌnuːtɪd/
A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces.
Fracture, Compound
/ˈfræktʃər ˈkɒmpaʊnd/
A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin; also called an open fracture.
Fracture, Greenstick
/ˈfræktʃər ˈɡriːnstɪk/
An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only one side is broken, common in children.
Fracture, Impacted
/ˈfræktʃər ɪmˈpæktɪd/
A fracture in which one fragment of bone is firmly driven into the other.
Fracture, Pathologic
/ˈfræktʃər ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒɪk/
A bone break caused by a disease that weakens the bone (such as cancer or osteoporosis) rather than by traumatic injury.
Fracture, Stress
/ˈfræktʃər strɛs/
A tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse.
Frambesia
/fræmˈbiːziə/
An alternative name for Yaws, a chronic bacterial infection of the skin, bones, and joints.
Freiberg’s disease
/ˈfraɪbərɡz dɪˈziːz/
A form of avascular necrosis in the metatarsal bones, usually the second metatarsal of the foot.
Fremitus
/ˈfrɛmɪtəs/
Vibrations felt through the body during palpation, such as vocal fremitus felt on the chest wall when a patient speaks.
Frenulum
/ˈfrɛnjʊləm/
A small fold of mucous membrane that limits the movement of an organ or part (e.g., the band under the tongue).
Friedreich’s ataxia
/ˌfriːdraɪks əˈtæksiə/
An inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system, resulting in gait disturbances and heart disease.
Frigidity
/frɪˈdʒɪdɪti/
An older, largely obsolete clinical term for a persistent lack of sexual desire or inability to achieve sexual arousal.
Frohlich’s syndrome
/ˈfreɪlɪks ˈsɪndroʊm/
A rare endocrine disorder characterized by obesity, growth retardation, and delayed sexual development.
Frontal Bone
/ˈfrʌntəl boʊn/
The bone that forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets.
Frontal Plane
/ˈfrʌntəl pleɪn/
An imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions; also called the coronal plane.
Frontal Sinus
/ˈfrʌntəl ˈsaɪnəs/
Air-filled cavities located in the frontal bone above the eyes.
Frost-nip
/ˈfrɒstnɪp/
A mild form of cold injury that causes numbing and tingling but does not lead to permanent tissue damage.
Frostbite
/ˈfrɒstbaɪt/
Injury to body tissues caused by exposure to extreme cold, typically affecting fingers, toes, and nose.
Frozen Shoulder
/ˈfroʊzən ˈʃoʊldər/
A condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint (adhesive capsulitis).
Fructose
/ˈfrʌktoʊs/
A simple sugar found in honey and many fruits; it is a monosaccharide.
Fructosemia
/ˌfrʌktoʊˈsiːmiə/
The presence of fructose in the blood, often due to an inherited metabolic disorder.
Fulgurant
/ˈfʌlɡjʊrənt/
Describing pain that is sudden, sharp, and intense, like a flash of lightning.
Fulguration
/ˌfʌlɡjʊˈreɪʃən/
The destruction of tissue (such as tumors) by means of high-frequency electric sparks.
Fulminant
/ˈfʊlmɪnənt/
Occurring suddenly and with great intensity or severity.
Functional Disorder
/ˈfʌŋkʃənəl dɪsˈɔːrdər/
A medical condition that impairs the normal function of a body process, but where every part of the body looks normal under a microscope.
Functional Residual Capacity
/ˈfʌŋkʃənəl rɪˈzɪdjuəl kəˈpæsɪti/
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation.
Fundoplication
/ˌfʌndoʊplɪˈkeɪʃən/
A surgical procedure used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by wrapping the upper portion of the stomach around the lower esophagus.
Fundus
/ˈfʌndəs/
The base of a hollow organ or the part farthest from its opening (e.g., the upper part of the stomach or the interior surface of the eye).
Funduscopy
/fʌnˈdʌskəpi/
The examination of the interior of the eye (the fundus) using an ophthalmoscope.
Fungemia
/fʌnˈdʒiːmiə/
The presence of fungi or yeasts in the blood.
Fungicide
/ˈfʌndʒɪˌsaɪd/
A chemical substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi.
Fungiform papillae
/ˈfʌndʒɪfɔːrm pəˈpɪliː/
Mushroom-shaped projections on the tongue that contain taste buds.
Fungis
/ˈfʌndʒaɪ/
Plural of fungus; a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, and mushrooms.
Funiculitis
/fjuːˌnɪkjʊˈlaɪtɪs/
Inflammation of the spermatic cord.
Funiculus
/fjuːˈnɪkjʊləs/
A bundle of nerve fibers enclosed in a sheath; one of the main divisions of white matter in the spinal cord.
Funis
/ˈfjuːnɪs/
The umbilical cord.
Funis presentation
/ˈfjuːnɪs ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən/
A condition in labor where the umbilical cord lies beside or below the presenting part of the fetus.
Furuncle
/ˈfjʊərʌŋkəl/
The medical term for a boil; a painful, pus-filled bump under the skin caused by an infected hair follicle.
Fusiform
/ˈfjuːzɪfɔːrm/
Spindle-shaped; tapering at both ends.
Fusobacterium
/ˌfjuːzoʊbækˈtɪəriəm/
A genus of anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria, typically spindle-shaped, that can cause various human infections.
Fustigation
/ˌfʌstɪˈɡeɪʃən/
Medical treatment involving the beating of a part of the body with a rod or with the hands to stimulate circulation.