MedTerm Speak

Master the language of medicine

F-v-r

FEE-ver

/ˈfiːvər/

Abbreviation often used in clinical shorthand for 'fever'.

Fab fragments

FAB FRAG-ments

/fæb ˈfræɡmənts/

The antigen-binding fragment of an antibody molecule.

Fabella

fah-BEL-ah

/fəˈbɛlə/

A small sesamoid bone often found in the gastrocnemius muscle behind the lateral condyle of the femur.

Fabere sign

fah-BEER-ay SYN

/fɑːˈbɛreɪ saɪn/

An acronym for Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation, and Extension; a clinical test to identify hip or sacroiliac joint pathology.

Facet

FAS-et

/ˈfæsɪt/

A small, smooth, flat surface on a bone or other hard body part, such as the articular surfaces of vertebrae.

Facial colliculus

FAY-shul koh-LIK-yoo-lus

/ˈfeɪʃəl kəˈlɪkjʊləs/

An elevated area on the floor of the fourth ventricle in the brainstem, formed by fibers of the facial nerve looping over the abducens nucleus.

Facial nerve

FAY-shul NERV

/ˈfeɪʃəl nɜːrv/

The seventh cranial nerve (CN VII), responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression and conveying taste sensations.

Facies

FAY-shee-eez

/ˈfeɪʃiiːz/

The facial expression or appearance of a patient, which can be diagnostic of a particular disease (e.g., Parkinsonian facies).

Facilitation

fah-sil-ih-TAY-shun

/fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

The process of making a pathway or response easier, such as the lowering of resistance in a nerve pathway to an impulse.

Factitious disorder

fak-TISH-us dis-OR-der

/fækˈtɪʃəs dɪsˈɔːrdər/

A mental disorder in which a person acts as if they have a physical or mental illness when they are not really sick.

Factor VIII

FAK-tor AYT

/ˈfæktər eɪt/

An essential blood-clotting protein, also known as antihemophilic factor (AHF); deficiency causes Hemophilia A.

Facultative

FAK-ul-tay-tiv

/ˈfækəlˌteɪtɪv/

Capable of existing under different conditions; for example, a facultative anaerobe can live with or without oxygen.

Fagopyrism

fag-oh-PY-rizm

/ˌfæɡəˈpaɪrɪzəm/

Photosensitization caused by the ingestion of buckwheat, leading to skin inflammation upon exposure to light.

Falcate

FAL-kayt

/ˈfælkeɪt/

Hooked or curved like a sickle.

Falciform

FAL-sih-form

/ˈfælsɪfɔːrm/

Having the shape of a sickle.

Falciform ligament

FAL-sih-form LIG-ah-ment

/ˈfælsɪfɔːrm ˈlɪɡəmənt/

A crescent-shaped fold of peritoneum that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.

Falcula

FAL-kyoo-lah

/ˈfælkjʊlə/

A curved, sharp claw or claw-like structure.

Fallopian tube

fah-LOH-pee-un TOOB

/fəˈloʊpiən tjuːb/

One of a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.

Fallot's Tetralogy

fah-LOHZ teh-TRAL-oh-jee

/fəˈloʊz tɛˈtrælədʒi/

A congenital heart defect involving four specific abnormalities (ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and overriding aorta).

False vocal cords

FAWLS VOH-kul KORDZ

/fɔːls ˈvoʊkəl kɔːrdz/

The upper pair of folds of mucous membrane in the larynx; also known as vestibular folds.

Falx cerebri

FALKS SER-eh-bry

/fælks ˈsɛrəbraɪ/

A large, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.

Familial

fah-MIL-ee-al

/fəˈmɪliəl/

Occurring in or affecting more members of a family than would be expected by chance; hereditary.

Far-sightedness

FAR SY-ted-nes

/ˌfɑːrˈsaɪtɪdnəs/

Hyperopia; a condition where distant objects are seen more clearly than near objects.

Farinaceous

fair-ih-NAY-shus

/ˌfærɪˈneɪʃəs/

Consisting of or containing starch; used in dietetics to describe starchy foods.

Farnesol

FAR-neh-sol

/ˈfɑːrnəˌsɒl/

A natural organic compound used by the body in the synthesis of cholesterol and other steroids.

Fascia

FASH-ee-ah

/ˈfæʃiə/

A thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ.

Fascicle

FAS-ih-kul

/ˈfæsɪkəl/

A small bundle of nerve or muscle fibers.

Fasciculation

fah-sik-yoo-LAY-shun

/fəˌsɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/

A brief, spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibers, often seen as a flicker of movement under the skin.

Fasciculus

fah-SIK-yoo-lus

/fəˈsɪkjʊləs/

A small bundle of nerve or muscle fibers.

Fasciculus cuneatus

fah-SIK-yoo-lus kyoo-nee-AY-tus

/fəˈsɪkjʊləs ˌkjuːniˈeɪtəs/

A tract of nerves in the spinal cord that transmits sensory information (fine touch and proprioception) from the upper body.

Fasciotomy

fash-ee-OT-oh-mee

/ˌfæʃiˈɒtəmi/

A surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure, commonly to treat compartment syndrome.

Fastidious

fas-TID-ee-us

/fæsˈtɪdiəs/

In microbiology, describing bacteria that have complex nutritional requirements and are difficult to grow in a lab.

Fastigial nucleus

fas-TIJ-ee-al NOO-klee-us

/fæsˈtɪdʒiəl ˈnuːkliəs/

The most medial of the four cerebellar nuclei, involved in balance and eye movements.

Fastigium

fas-TIJ-ee-um

/fæsˈtɪdʒiəm/

The highest point or summit, specifically the summit of the roof of the fourth ventricle of the brain.

Fatigue

fah-TEEG

/fəˈtiːɡ/

Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness; also the diminished response of a muscle or nerve to a stimulus.

Fatty acid

FAT-ee AS-id

/ˈfæti ˈæsɪd/

A carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated; a building block of fats.

Fauces

FAW-seez

/ˈfɔːsiːz/

The arched opening at the back of the mouth leading into the pharynx.

Favism

FAY-vizm

/ˈfeɪvɪzəm/

A condition characterized by hemolytic anemia after eating fava beans, caused by G6PD enzyme deficiency.

Favus

FAY-vus

/ˈfeɪvəs/

A severe form of chronic ringworm of the scalp, characterized by yellow, cup-shaped crusts (scutula).

Febricant

FEB-rih-kant

/ˈfɛbrɪkənt/

A substance that produces fever; pyrogenic.

Febrifuge

FEB-rih-fyooj

/ˈfɛbrɪˌfjuːdʒ/

A medicine or treatment used to reduce fever; an antipyretic.

Febrile

FEB-ryl

/ˈfɛbraɪl/

Having or showing the symptoms of a fever.

Fecalith

FEE-kah-lith

/ˈfiːkəlɪθ/

A hard, stony mass of feces in the intestinal tract.

Feces

FEE-seez

/ˈfiːsiːz/

Waste matter discharged from the bowels after food has been digested; excrement.

Feculent

FEK-yoo-lent

/ˈfɛkjʊlənt/

Foul or smelling of feces.

Feedback loop

FEED-bak LOOP

/ˈfiːdbæk luːp/

A biological system where the output of a process regulates that same process (e.g., insulin regulating blood sugar).

Feedback, Negative

FEED-bak NEG-ah-tiv

/ˈfiːdbæk ˈnɛɡətɪv/

A regulatory mechanism in which a stimulus causes a response that opposite to or reduces the original stimulus (e.g., temperature regulation).

Feedback, Positive

FEED-bak POZ-ih-tiv

/ˈfiːdbæk ˈpɒzɪtɪv/

A mechanism where the output of a system intensifies the original stimulus (e.g., oxytocin release during labor).

Felon

FEL-on

/ˈfɛlən/

An abscess or purulent infection of the pulp of the distal phalanx of a finger.

Felting

FELT-ing

/ˈfɛltɪŋ/

In dermatology, the entangling of hair (often on the scalp) into a dense, matted mass.

Femoral artery

FEM-or-al AR-ter-ee

/ˈfɛmərəl ˈɑːrtəri/

The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.

Femur

FEE-mur

/ˈfiːmər/

The bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee.

Fenestra

feh-NES-trah

/fəˈnɛstrə/

A small anatomical opening or window (plural: fenestrae).

Fenestra cochleae

feh-NES-trah KOK-lee-ee

/fəˈnɛstrə ˈkɒkliiː/

The round window of the inner ear, which allows fluid in the cochlea to move, facilitating hearing.

Fenestra vestibuli

feh-NES-trah ves-TIB-yoo-lee

/fəˈnɛstrə vɛˈstɪbjʊliː/

The oval window of the inner ear; the opening in the medial wall of the middle ear to which the stapes is attached.

Fenestrated capillary

FEN-es-tray-ted KAP-ih-lair-ee

/ˈfɛnəˌstreɪtɪd ˈkæpəˌlɛri/

A type of blood vessel with small pores in its endothelium, allowing for rapid exchange of fluids and small solutes.

Fenestration

fen-es-TRAY-shun

/ˌfɛnəˈstreɪʃən/

The presence of openings in a body part; also a surgical operation to create a new opening in the inner ear to restore hearing.

Fermentation

fer-men-TAY-shun

/ˌfɜːrmɛnˈteɪʃən/

The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

Ferritin

FAIR-ih-tin

/ˈfɛrɪtɪn/

A protein produced in mammalian metabolism that serves to store iron in the tissues.

Ferruginous

feh-ROO-jih-nus

/fəˈruːdʒɪnəs/

Containing iron or iron rust; often used to describe bodies found in the lungs of workers exposed to asbestos.

Fertilization

fer-tih-lih-ZAY-shun

/ˌfɜːrtələˈzeɪʃən/

The action or process of fertilizing an egg, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Festinating gait

FES-tih-nay-ting GAYT

/ˈfɛstɪˌneɪtɪŋ ɡeɪt/

A walking pattern characterized by small, shuffling steps that progressively speed up; commonly seen in Parkinson’s disease.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

FEE-tul AL-koh-hol SIN-drohm

/ˈfiːtəl ˈælkəˌhɒl ˈsɪndroʊm/

A group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy, causing developmental and physical defects.

Fetal distress

FEE-tul dis-TRES

/ˈfiːtəl dɪˈstrɛs/

A condition during pregnancy or labor where the fetus shows signs of not receiving enough oxygen, often indicated by an abnormal heart rate.

Fetid

FET-id

/ˈfɛtɪd/

Smelling extremely unpleasant; stinking.

Fetishism

FET-ish-izm

/ˈfɛtɪʃɪzəm/

A psychological condition in which sexual gratification is dependent upon an inanimate object or a non-sexual part of the body.

Fetor hepaticus

FEE-tor heh-PAT-ih-kus

/ˈfiːtər hɪˈpætɪkəs/

A distinctive, musty breath odor associated with severe liver disease.

Fetoscopy

fee-TOS-koh-pee

/fiːˈtɒskəpi/

An endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta.

Fetus

FEE-tus

/ˈfiːtəs/

An unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human baby more than eight weeks after conception.

Fiber

FY-ber

/ˈfaɪbər/

A threadlike structure or filament forming part of the tissue of an animal or plant; also refers to dietary roughage.

Fiber

FY-ber

/ˈfaɪbər/

A threadlike structure or filament forming part of the tissue of an animal or plant; also refers to dietary roughage.

Fiber, Dietary

FY-ber DY-eh-tair-ee

/ˈfaɪbər ˈdaɪəˌtɛri/

The indigestible portion of plant foods that pushes food through the digestive system.

Fiber-optic

FY-ber OP-tik

/ˈfaɪbər ˈɒptɪk/

Technology using thin, flexible fibers of glass or plastic to transmit light, essential for endoscopy.

Fibril

FY-bril

/ˈfaɪbrɪl/

A very fine filament or fiber that is a constituent of a cell, muscle fiber, or nerve fiber.

Fibrillation

fib-rih-LAY-shun

/ˌfɪbrɪˈleɪʃən/

Rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers, especially in the heart (e.g., atrial or ventricular fibrillation).

Fibrillation

fib-rih-LAY-shun

/ˌfɪbrɪˈleɪʃən/

Rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers, especially in the heart (e.g., atrial or ventricular fibrillation).

Fibrin

FY-brin

/ˈfaɪbrɪn/

An insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood. It forms a fibrous mesh that impedes the flow of blood.

Fibrin

FY-brin

/ˈfaɪbrɪn/

An insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood. It forms a fibrous mesh that impedes the flow of blood.

Fibrinogen

fy-BRIN-oh-jen

/faɪˈbrɪnədʒən/

A soluble protein present in blood plasma, from which fibrin is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin.

Fibrinogen

fy-BRIN-oh-jen

/faɪˈbrɪnədʒən/

A soluble protein present in blood plasma, from which fibrin is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin.

Fibrinolysis

fy-brih-NOL-ih-sis

/ˌfaɪbrɪˈnɒlɪsɪs/

The enzymatic breakdown of the fibrin in blood clots.

Fibrinolysis

fy-brih-NOL-ih-sis

/ˌfaɪbrɪˈnɒlɪsɪs/

The process of breaking down a blood clot after a wound has healed.

Fibro-epithelioma

fy-broh-ep-ih-thee-lee-OH-mah

/ˌfaɪbroʊˌɛpɪˌθiːliˈoʊmə/

A tumor composed of both fibrous and epithelial tissue.

Fibroadenoma

fy-broh-ad-eh-NOH-mah

/ˌfaɪbroʊˌædəˈnoʊmə/

A noncancerous breast tumor that most often occurs in young women.

Fibroadenoma

fy-broh-ad-eh-NOH-mah

/ˌfaɪbroʊˌædəˈnoʊmə/

A noncancerous breast tumor that most often occurs in young women.

Fibroblast

FY-broh-blast

/ˈfaɪbrəˌblæst/

A cell in connective tissue which produces collagen and other fibers.

Fibroblast

FY-broh-blast

/ˈfaɪbrəˌblæst/

A cell in connective tissue which produces collagen and other fibers.

Fibrocartilage

fy-broh-KAR-tih-lij

/ˌfaɪbroʊˈkɑːrtɪlɪdʒ/

Cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of the intervertebral discs in the spinal cord.

Fibrocystic

fy-broh-SIS-tik

/ˌfaɪbroʊˈsɪstɪk/

Characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue and cysts, commonly used to describe benign breast changes.

Fibrocystic

fy-broh-SIS-tik

/ˌfaɪbroʊˈsɪstɪk/

Characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue and cysts, commonly used to describe benign breast changes.

Fibroma

fy-BROH-mah

/faɪˈbroʊmə/

A benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue.

Fibroma

fy-BROH-mah

/faɪˈbroʊmə/

A benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue.

Fibromyalgia

fy-broh-my-AL-jah

/ˌfaɪbroʊmaɪˈældʒə/

A chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.

Fibromyalgia

fy-broh-my-AL-jah

/ˌfaɪbroʊmaɪˈældʒə/

A chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.

Fibrosarcoma

fy-broh-sar-KOH-mah

/ˌfaɪbroʊsɑːrˈkoʊmə/

A malignant tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue.

Fibrosis

fy-BROH-sis

/faɪˈbroʊsɪs/

The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.

Fibrosis

fy-BROH-sis

/faɪˈbroʊsɪs/

The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.

Fibrosis, Cystic

fy-BROH-sis SIS-tik

/faɪˈbroʊsɪs ˈsɪstɪk/

A hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands, causing the production of abnormally thick mucus.

Fibula

FIB-yoo-lah

/ˈfɪbjʊlə/

The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans, parallel with the tibia.

Fibula

FIB-yoo-lah

/ˈfɪbjʊlə/

The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans, parallel with the tibia.

Field of vision

FEELD uv VIZ-un

/fiːld əv ˈvɪʒən/

The entire area that a person is able to see when their eyes are fixed in one position.

Filament

FIL-ah-ment

/ˈfɪləmənt/

A slender threadlike object or fiber, especially one found in animal or plant structures.

Filament

FIL-ah-ment

/ˈfɪləmənt/

A slender threadlike object or fiber, especially one found in animal or plant structures.

Filariasis

fil-ah-RY-ah-sis

/ˌfɪləˈraɪəsɪs/

A tropical, parasitic disease caused by infection with threadlike roundworms (filariae) transmitted by mosquitoes.

Filariasis

fil-ah-RY-ah-sis

/ˌfɪləˈraɪəsɪs/

A tropical, parasitic disease caused by infection with threadlike roundworms (filariae) transmitted by mosquitoes.

Filiform

FIL-ih-form

/ˈfɪlɪfɔːrm/

Threadlike in appearance; specifically refers to the small, cone-shaped papillae on the surface of the tongue.

Filiform

FIL-ih-form

/ˈfɪlɪfɔːrm/

Threadlike in appearance; specifically refers to the small, cone-shaped papillae on the surface of the tongue.

Filum terminale

FY-lum ter-mih-NAL-ee

/ˈfaɪləm ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪli/

A delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm long, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris to the coccyx.

Fimbria

FIM-bree-ah

/ˈfɪmbriə/

An individual fringe-like projection, especially at the end of the fallopian tube.

Fimbriae

FIM-bree-ee

/ˈfɪmbriiː/

Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help move the ovum from the ovary into the tube.

Fimbriae

FIM-bree-ee

/ˈfɪmbriiː/

Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help move the ovum from the ovary into the tube.

Fimbriated

FIM-bree-ay-ted

/ˈfɪmbriˌeɪtɪd/

Having a fringed edge; applied to the ends of the fallopian tubes.

Fimbrioplasty

fim-BREE-oh-plas-tee

/ˌfɪmbrioʊˈplæsti/

Surgical repair of the fimbriae of the fallopian tube to treat infertility.

First aid

FERST AYD

/fɜːrst eɪd/

Help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available.

Fission

FISH-un

/ˈfɪʃən/

The action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts; used in microbiology to describe asexual reproduction.

Fissiparity

fis-ih-PAIR-ih-tee

/ˌfɪsɪˈpærɪti/

Reproduction by fission or splitting into two or more parts.

Fissure

FISH-ur

/ˈfɪʃər/

A long, narrow opening or line of breakage; in anatomy, a groove or cleft (e.g., anal fissure or cerebral fissure).

Fissure

FISH-ur

/ˈfɪʃər/

A long, narrow opening or line of breakage; in anatomy, a groove or cleft (e.g., anal fissure or cerebral fissure).

Fistula

FIS-tyoo-lah

/ˈfɪstjʊlə/

An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.

Fistula

FIS-tyoo-lah

/ˈfɪstjʊlə/

An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.

Fit

FIT

/fɪt/

A sudden attack of a disease (such as epilepsy) or a sudden burst of an emotion or activity.

Fixation

fik-SAY-shun

/fɪkˈseɪʃən/

The act of fastening or steadying; in orthopedics, the stabilizing of a fracture (internal or external).

Fixation

fik-SAY-shun

/fɪkˈseɪʃən/

The act of fastening or steadying; in orthopedics, the stabilizing of a fracture (internal or external).

Flaccid

FLAS-id

/ˈflæsɪd/

Soft and hanging loosely or limply, especially so as to look or feel unpleasant; in medicine, describing a lack of muscle tone.

Flaccid

FLAS-id

/ˈflæsɪd/

Soft and hanging loosely or limply, especially so as to look or feel unpleasant; in medicine, describing a lack of muscle tone.

Flail chest

FLAYL CHEST

/fleɪl tʃɛst/

A life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.

Flare

FLAIR

/flɛər/

A spreading area of redness on the skin surrounding a central point of injury; also refers to an increase in cells and protein in the aqueous humor of the eye.

Flatulence

FLAT-yoo-lens

/ˈflætʃʊləns/

The accumulation of gas in the alimentary canal.

Flatus

FLAY-tus

/ˈfleɪtəs/

Gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation.

Flatus

FLAY-tus

/ˈfleɪtəs/

Gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation.

Flexion

FLEK-shun

/ˈflɛkʃən/

The action of bending or the condition of being bent, especially the bending of a limb or joint.

Flexor

FLEK-sor

/ˈflɛksər/

A muscle whose contraction bends a limb or other part of the body.

Flocculation

flok-yoo-LAY-shun

/ˌflɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/

A process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.

Flora

FLOR-ah

/ˈflɔːrə/

The bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit a particular environment, such as the 'gut flora'.

Flow cytometry

FLOH sy-TOM-eh-tree

/floʊ saɪˈtɒmɪtri/

A laboratory technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.

Fluctuation

fluk-choo-AY-shun

/ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃən/

A rise and fall in number or amount; in clinical exam, the wave-like motion felt on palpating a fluid-filled cavity or abscess.

Fluorescein

floor-ES-ee-in

/ˌflʊərˈɛsiːɪn/

A fluorescent tracer used in many diagnostic examinations, specifically in ophthalmology to detect corneal abrasions.

Fluoride

FLOOR-yd

/ˈflʊəraɪd/

A compound of fluorine with another element or group, used to prevent tooth decay.

Fluoroscopy

floor-OS-koh-pee

/flʊəˈrɒskəpi/

An imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object or body.

Fluorosis

floor-OH-sis

/flʊəˈroʊsɪs/

A chronic condition caused by excessive intake of fluorine, characterized by mottling of the teeth and sometimes skeletal damage.

Flush

FLUSH

/flʌʃ/

A sudden reddening of the face, neck, or upper chest due to vasodilation; also to wash out a wound or cavity with fluid.

Flutter

FLUT-er

/ˈflʌtər/

An abnormally rapid but regular heart rhythm, such as atrial flutter.

Focal length

FOH-kul LENGTH

/ˈfoʊkəl lɛŋkθ/

The distance between the center of a lens or curved mirror and its focus.

Focal seizure

FOH-kul SEE-zhur

/ˈfoʊkəl ˈsiːʒər/

A seizure that originates within networks limited to one hemisphere of the brain; also called a partial seizure.

Focus

FOH-kus

/ˈfoʊkəs/

The center of a morbid process (e.g., focus of infection); also the point at which rays of light meet after reflection or refraction.

Foetus

FEE-tus

/ˈfiːtəs/

The British English spelling of fetus.

Folate

FOH-layt

/ˈfoʊleɪt/

A salt or ester of folic acid; the naturally occurring form of vitamin B9.

Folic acid

FOH-lik AS-id

/ˈfoʊlɪk ˈæsɪd/

A vitamin of the B complex which is essential for the synthesis of DNA and is used to prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy.

Follicle

FOL-ih-kul

/ˈfɒlɪkəl/

A small secretory cavity, sac, or gland, in particular those which contain developing eggs in the ovaries or hair roots.

Follicular phase

foh-LIK-yoo-lar FAYZ

/fəˈlɪkjʊlər feɪz/

The phase of the estrous cycle during which follicles in the ovary mature, ending with ovulation.

Folliculitis

foh-lik-yoo-LY-tis

/fəˌlɪkjʊˈlaɪtɪs/

Inflammation of one or more hair follicles.

Fomite

FOH-myt

/ˈfoʊmaɪt/

Objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture.

Fontanelle

fon-tah-NEL

/ˌfɒntəˈnɛl/

A space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus, where ossification is not complete and the sutures not fully formed.

Foot-and-mouth disease

FOOT and MOWTH dih-ZEEZ

/fʊt ənd maʊθ dɪˈziːz/

A contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals; rarely affects humans (distinct from Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease).

Foot-drop

FOOT-drop

/ˈfʊtˌdrɒp/

A gait abnormality in which the dropping of the forefoot happens due to weakness, irritation or damage to the common fibular nerve.

Foramen

foh-RAY-men

/fəˈreɪmən/

An opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone.

Foramen Magnum

foh-RAY-men MAG-num

/fəˈreɪmən ˈmæɡnəm/

The large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

Foramen Ovale

foh-RAY-men oh-VAL-ee

/fəˈreɪmən oʊˈveɪli/

An opening in the septum between the two atria of the heart that is normally present only in the fetus.

Foramina

foh-RAM-ih-nah

/fəˈræmɪnə/

The plural form of foramen (openings in bones or tissues).

Forceps

FOR-seps

/ˈfɔːrsɛps/

A pair of pincers or tweezers used in surgery or in a laboratory.

Forearm

FOR-arm

/ˈfɔːrɑːrm/

The part of a person's arm extending from the elbow to the wrist or fingertips.

Forebrain

FOR-brayn

/ˈfɔːrbreɪn/

The anterior part of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus.

Forensic medicine

foh-REN-sik MED-ih-sin

/fəˈrɛnsɪk ˈmɛdɪsɪn/

The application of medical knowledge to legal questions.

Foreskin

FOR-skin

/ˈfɔːrskɪn/

The retractable roll of skin covering the end of the penis; the prepuce.

Forewaters

FOR-wah-terz

/ˈfɔːrwɔːtərz/

The part of the amniotic fluid that is in front of the presenting part of the fetus.

Formaldehyde

for-MAL-deh-hyd

/fɔːrˈmældɪhaɪd/

A colorless pungent gas in solution used as a preservative for biological specimens.

Formication

for-mih-KAY-shun

/ˌfɔːrmɪˈkeɪʃən/

A tactile hallucination that feels like insects crawling on or under the skin; a specific type of paresthesia.

Fornix

FOR-niks

/ˈfɔːrnɪks/

An arched anatomical structure or fold; specifically a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain.

Fornix of the vagina

FOR-niks uv the vah-JY-nah

/ˈfɔːrnɪks əv ðə vəˈdʒaɪnə/

The recessed areas around the cervix at the top of the vaginal canal.

Fossa

FOS-ah

/ˈfɒsə/

A shallow depression or hollow, especially in a bone.

Fossa Ovalis

FOS-ah oh-VAL-is

/ˈfɒsə oʊˈvælɪs/

A depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the site of the fetal foramen ovale.

Fourchette

foor-SHET

/fʊərˈʃɛt/

A thin fold of skin at the back of the vulva where the labia minora meet.

Fourth ventricle

FORTH VEN-trih-kul

/fɔːrθ ˈvɛntrɪkəl/

A diamond-shaped cavity located between the cerebellum and the pons/medulla oblongata, containing cerebrospinal fluid.

Fovea

FOH-vee-ah

/ˈfoʊviə/

A small pit or depression in a bone or organ.

Fovea Centralis

FOH-vee-ah sen-TRAL-is

/ˈfoʊviə sɛnˈtrælɪs/

A small pit in the retinal macula that provides the clearest vision; it contains only cones.

Foveola

foh-vee-OH-lah

/foʊˈviːələ/

The smallest pit in the center of the fovea centralis, containing only the most densely packed cone cells for maximum visual acuity.

Fractionation

frak-shun-AY-shun

/ˌfrækʃəˈneɪʃən/

The process of dividing a total dose of radiation or medicine into smaller, frequent doses to reduce side effects.

Fracture

FRAK-chur

/ˈfræktʃər/

A partial or complete break in a bone.

Fracture, Closed

FRAK-chur KLOHZD

/ˈfræktʃər kloʊzd/

A bone break that does not penetrate the skin; also called a simple fracture.

Fracture, Comminuted

FRAK-chur KOM-ih-noo-ted

/ˈfræktʃər ˈkɒmɪˌnuːtɪd/

A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces.

Fracture, Compound

FRAK-chur KOM-pownd

/ˈfræktʃər ˈkɒmpaʊnd/

A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin; also called an open fracture.

Fracture, Greenstick

FRAK-chur GREEN-stik

/ˈfræktʃər ˈɡriːnstɪk/

An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only one side is broken, common in children.

Fracture, Impacted

FRAK-chur im-PAK-ted

/ˈfræktʃər ɪmˈpæktɪd/

A fracture in which one fragment of bone is firmly driven into the other.

Fracture, Pathologic

FRAK-chur path-oh-LOJ-ik

/ˈfræktʃər ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒɪk/

A bone break caused by a disease that weakens the bone (such as cancer or osteoporosis) rather than by traumatic injury.

Fracture, Stress

FRAK-chur STRES

/ˈfræktʃər strɛs/

A tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse.

Frambesia

fram-BEE-zhah

/fræmˈbiːziə/

An alternative name for Yaws, a chronic bacterial infection of the skin, bones, and joints.

Freiberg’s disease

FRY-burgz dih-ZEEZ

/ˈfraɪbərɡz dɪˈziːz/

A form of avascular necrosis in the metatarsal bones, usually the second metatarsal of the foot.

Fremitus

FREM-ih-tus

/ˈfrɛmɪtəs/

Vibrations felt through the body during palpation, such as vocal fremitus felt on the chest wall when a patient speaks.

Frenulum

FREN-yoo-lum

/ˈfrɛnjʊləm/

A small fold of mucous membrane that limits the movement of an organ or part (e.g., the band under the tongue).

Friedreich’s ataxia

FREED-rykth ah-TAK-see-ah

/ˌfriːdraɪks əˈtæksiə/

An inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system, resulting in gait disturbances and heart disease.

Frigidity

frih-JID-ih-tee

/frɪˈdʒɪdɪti/

An older, largely obsolete clinical term for a persistent lack of sexual desire or inability to achieve sexual arousal.

Frohlich’s syndrome

FRAY-liks SIN-drohm

/ˈfreɪlɪks ˈsɪndroʊm/

A rare endocrine disorder characterized by obesity, growth retardation, and delayed sexual development.

Frontal Bone

FRUN-tul BOHN

/ˈfrʌntəl boʊn/

The bone that forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets.

Frontal Plane

FRUN-tul PLAYN

/ˈfrʌntəl pleɪn/

An imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions; also called the coronal plane.

Frontal Sinus

FRUN-tul SY-nus

/ˈfrʌntəl ˈsaɪnəs/

Air-filled cavities located in the frontal bone above the eyes.

Frost-nip

FROST-nip

/ˈfrɒstnɪp/

A mild form of cold injury that causes numbing and tingling but does not lead to permanent tissue damage.

Frostbite

FROST-byt

/ˈfrɒstbaɪt/

Injury to body tissues caused by exposure to extreme cold, typically affecting fingers, toes, and nose.

Frozen Shoulder

FROH-zen SHOHL-der

/ˈfroʊzən ˈʃoʊldər/

A condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint (adhesive capsulitis).

Fructose

FRUK-tohs

/ˈfrʌktoʊs/

A simple sugar found in honey and many fruits; it is a monosaccharide.

Fructosemia

fruk-toh-SEE-mee-ah

/ˌfrʌktoʊˈsiːmiə/

The presence of fructose in the blood, often due to an inherited metabolic disorder.

Fulgurant

FUL-gyoo-rant

/ˈfʌlɡjʊrənt/

Describing pain that is sudden, sharp, and intense, like a flash of lightning.

Fulguration

ful-gyoo-RAY-shun

/ˌfʌlɡjʊˈreɪʃən/

The destruction of tissue (such as tumors) by means of high-frequency electric sparks.

Fulminant

FUL-mih-nant

/ˈfʊlmɪnənt/

Occurring suddenly and with great intensity or severity.

Functional Disorder

FUNK-shun-al dis-OR-der

/ˈfʌŋkʃənəl dɪsˈɔːrdər/

A medical condition that impairs the normal function of a body process, but where every part of the body looks normal under a microscope.

Functional Residual Capacity

FUNK-shun-al reh-ZID-yoo-al kah-PAS-ih-tee

/ˈfʌŋkʃənəl rɪˈzɪdjuəl kəˈpæsɪti/

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation.

Fundoplication

fun-doh-plih-KAY-shun

/ˌfʌndoʊplɪˈkeɪʃən/

A surgical procedure used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by wrapping the upper portion of the stomach around the lower esophagus.

Fundus

FUN-dus

/ˈfʌndəs/

The base of a hollow organ or the part farthest from its opening (e.g., the upper part of the stomach or the interior surface of the eye).

Funduscopy

fun-DUS-koh-pee

/fʌnˈdʌskəpi/

The examination of the interior of the eye (the fundus) using an ophthalmoscope.

Fungemia

fun-JEE-mee-ah

/fʌnˈdʒiːmiə/

The presence of fungi or yeasts in the blood.

Fungicide

FUN-jih-syd

/ˈfʌndʒɪˌsaɪd/

A chemical substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi.

Fungiform papillae

FUN-jih-form pah-PIL-ee

/ˈfʌndʒɪfɔːrm pəˈpɪliː/

Mushroom-shaped projections on the tongue that contain taste buds.

Fungis

FUN-jy

/ˈfʌndʒaɪ/

Plural of fungus; a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, and mushrooms.

Funiculitis

fyoo-nik-yoo-LY-tis

/fjuːˌnɪkjʊˈlaɪtɪs/

Inflammation of the spermatic cord.

Funiculus

fyoo-NIK-yoo-lus

/fjuːˈnɪkjʊləs/

A bundle of nerve fibers enclosed in a sheath; one of the main divisions of white matter in the spinal cord.

Funis

FYOO-nis

/ˈfjuːnɪs/

The umbilical cord.

Funis presentation

FYOO-nis prez-en-TAY-shun

/ˈfjuːnɪs ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən/

A condition in labor where the umbilical cord lies beside or below the presenting part of the fetus.

Furuncle

FYOO-rung-kul

/ˈfjʊərʌŋkəl/

The medical term for a boil; a painful, pus-filled bump under the skin caused by an infected hair follicle.

Fusiform

FYOO-zih-form

/ˈfjuːzɪfɔːrm/

Spindle-shaped; tapering at both ends.

Fusobacterium

fyoo-zoh-bak-TEER-ee-um

/ˌfjuːzoʊbækˈtɪəriəm/

A genus of anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria, typically spindle-shaped, that can cause various human infections.

Fustigation

fus-tih-GAY-shun

/ˌfʌstɪˈɡeɪʃən/

Medical treatment involving the beating of a part of the body with a rod or with the hands to stimulate circulation.