Gallbladder
/ˈɡɔːlbˌlædər/
A small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine.
Gamete
/ˈɡæmiːt/
A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction.
Ganglion
/ˈɡæŋɡliən/
A structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses.
Gastrin
/ˈɡæstrɪn/
A hormone which stimulates secretion of gastric juice and is secreted into the blood by the stomach wall.
Gene
/dʒiːn/
A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Gestation
/dʒɛˈsteɪʃən/
The process or period of being carried in the womb between conception and birth.
Glomerular Filtration Rate
/ɡləˈmɛrjʊlər fɪlˈtreɪʃən reɪt/
A test used to check how well the kidneys are working by estimating how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute.
Glomerulus
/ɡləˈmɛrjʊləs/
A cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood.
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
/ˌɡlɒsoʊfəˈrɪndʒiəl nɜːrv/
The ninth cranial nerve, which supplies the tongue and pharynx.
Glucagon
/ˈɡluːkəˌɡɒn/
A hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
Glucocorticoid
/ˌɡluːkoʊˈkɔːrtɪkɔɪd/
Any of a group of corticosteroids which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Gluconeogenesis
/ˌɡluːkoʊˌniːoʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/
The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol.
Glucose
/ˈɡluːkoʊs/
A simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Glycogen
/ˈɡlaɪkədʒən/
A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates; it is a polysaccharide which forms glucose on hydrolysis.
Glycogenesis
/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/
The formation of glycogen from glucose.
Glycolysis
/ɡlaɪˈkɒlɪsɪs/
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Goblet Cell
/ˈɡɒblɪt sɛl/
A column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.
Gonadotropin
/ɡoʊˌnædəˈtroʊpɪn/
Any of a group of hormones secreted by the pituitary which stimulate the activity of the gonads.
Gustatory
/ˈɡʌstəˌtɔːri/
Relating to the sense of tasting.